GermanyWhat if the defendant misses small claims court in Germany?
If the defendant fails to appear without justification in a German small claims proceeding (up to €5,000), the court may issue a default judgment (Versäumnisurteil) in favor of the claimant under § 331 ZPO.
What the Law Says
German small claims are heard exclusively by the Amtsgericht (local court) for monetary claims up to €5,000 (§ 23 I GVG). Non-appearance triggers procedural consequences governed by the Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO).
Under § 331 ZPO, if the defendant fails to appear at the scheduled hearing *and* does not submit a written statement or valid excuse before the hearing, the court may issue a Versäumnisurteil (default judgment) if the claimant requests it and the facts alleged appear substantiated. The judgment has full legal force unless successfully challenged.
Crucially, the defendant retains the right to apply for reinstatement (Wiedereinsetzung) into the previous status under § 233 ZPO within two weeks of learning about the default judgment — provided the absence was due to circumstances beyond their control (e.g., sudden illness, postal failure) and they act without culpable delay.
Statutory TextIst der Beklagte zu der mündlichen Verhandlung nicht erschienen und hat er sich auch nicht schriftlich geäußert, so kann das Gericht auf Antrag des Klägers ein Versäumnisurteil erlassen.
— Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO), § 331 Abs. 1
Statutory TextDie Wiedereinsetzung in den vorigen Stand ist zuzulassen, wenn der Beteiligte ohne sein Verschulden verhindert worden ist, eine gesetzliche Frist einzuhalten.
— ZPO, § 233 Abs. 1
What to Do
Defendant: File an application for reinstatement (Wiedereinsetzungsantrag) with the Amtsgericht within two weeks of becoming aware of the default judgment — include evidence of excusable absence (e.g., medical certificate).
Claimant: After a default judgment is issued, enforce it via bailiff (Gerichtsvollzieher) only after the two-week reinstatement period expires *or* if the reinstatement is denied.
Both parties: Verify service of the hearing summons — improper service (e.g., sent to wrong address, no proof of delivery) invalidates the default judgment and permits immediate challenge.
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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: 2026-10-05.