Who pays for a fence between neighboring properties in Japan?

50%
Default cost-sharing ratio under Civil Code Article 228
2 years
Statute of limitations for claiming contribution to fence costs (Civil Code Article 167)
The Short Answer

In Japan, fence costs are typically shared equally between neighbors unless a prior agreement or local ordinance states otherwise, per Civil Code Article 228.

What the Law Says

Japanese law establishes clear default rules for boundary structures like fences, prioritizing fairness and neighborly cooperation.

Under Japan’s Civil Code, a fence erected on the boundary line between two properties is presumed to be jointly owned and maintained unless otherwise agreed in writing. This presumption reflects the principle that both landowners benefit equally from the boundary demarcation and privacy it provides.

Article 228 of the Civil Code explicitly states: 'If a wall, fence, or other structure is constructed on the boundary line between two plots of land, it shall be deemed to be jointly owned by the owners of the adjacent lands, unless otherwise provided by law or agreement.' This applies regardless of which neighbor initiated construction.

Importantly, joint ownership triggers joint responsibility—not only for installation but also for maintenance, repair, and replacement costs. Courts consistently uphold equal contribution unless evidence shows one party unilaterally intended sole ownership or assumed full cost liability in advance.

Statutory Text

If a wall, fence, or other structure is constructed on the boundary line between two plots of land, it shall be deemed to be jointly owned by the owners of the adjacent lands, unless otherwise provided by law or agreement.

— Civil Code of Japan, Article 228

What to Do

1

Confirm whether the fence lies exactly on the legal boundary using official land survey records (kōji chōsa) from the Legal Affairs Bureau.

2

Review any existing written agreement—such as a notarized deed or property transfer document—that specifies fence ownership or cost allocation.

3

Discuss cost-sharing amicably with your neighbor; cite Article 228 and propose splitting expenses 50/50 unless special circumstances apply.

4

If agreement fails, send a certified letter (kakutei yūbin) outlining your position and request for contribution within 14 days.

5

As a last resort, file a civil claim at the summary court (kan’i saibansho) for contribution—note the 2-year statute of limitations under Civil Code Article 167.

Sources

Civil Code of Japan (English Translation)Ministry of Justice Japan – Property Law Guidelines

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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: 2026-10-11.