Can I claim for pain and suffering?

How the answer differs across 4 jurisdictions

The Short Answer

Pain and suffering compensation in Germany is not calculated by a fixed formula but determined case-by-case based on severity, duration, and impact on life—guided by precedent and capped by courts’ internal tables.

No fixed formula
Calculation method
€1,500–€500,000
Typical award range
3–6 months
Recovery period threshold
Up to €10,000
Minor injury cap
SingaporeFull article
The Short Answer

Yes, you can claim for pain and suffering in Singapore if you've suffered personal injury due to someone else's fault, under the Civil Law Act.

Civil Law Act
Governing law
s. 11
Relevant section
No cap
Damages limit
Personal injury
Eligibility requirement
South KoreaFull article
The Short Answer

Consolation money (solatium) in South Korea is determined by factors including severity of harm, fault, income, age, and social status — but no fixed statutory formula exists; courts assess amounts case-by-case.

No fixed cap
Statutory limit
₩10M–₩50M
Common range
Art. 751
Civil Act basis
Art. 3-2
Compensation Act
US-CaliforniaFull article
The Short Answer

Yes, you can get punitive damages in a California personal injury case—but only if you prove the defendant acted with oppression, fraud, or malice.

1x–10x
Typical ratio cap
Clear & convinc
Burden of proof
$250k+
Common threshold
Civ. Code §3294
Governing statute

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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.