Germany

How does the surviving spouse's share work?

25%
With children
50%
With parents/siblings
100%
No other heirs
Equal shares
Under separation of property + children
The Short Answer

The surviving spouse inherits a statutory share of the estate depending on which other relatives survive: one-quarter with children, one-half with parents or siblings, and the full estate if no other relatives exist.

What the Law Says

Under German law, the surviving spouse has a guaranteed statutory inheritance share — even without a will — but the exact portion depends on who else survives the deceased. The rules are set out in BGB § 1931.

If the deceased is survived by children (or grandchildren, as representatives of predeceased children), the spouse inherits one-quarter (¼) of the estate — the rest goes to the descendants.

If there are no descendants but the deceased is survived by parents, siblings, or grandparents, the spouse inherits one-half (½) of the estate. If grandparents and their descendants (e.g., aunts/uncles or cousins) both survive, the spouse still receives half — and the other half is divided among those descendants as if the grandparents were not present (per § 1926).

If no relatives of the first or second order (i.e., no children, parents, siblings, grandparents) survive, the spouse inherits the entire estate.

A special rule applies under separation of property (Gütertrennung): if only one or two children survive alongside the spouse, they all inherit equal shares — meaning the spouse and each child receive the same portion (e.g., ⅓ each for spouse + 2 children). This overrides the default quarter/half rules.

Statutory Text

Der überlebende Ehegatte des Erblassers ist neben Verwandten der ersten Ordnung zu einem Viertel, neben Verwandten der zweiten Ordnung oder neben Großeltern zur Hälfte der Erbschaft als gesetzlicher Erbe berufen. Treffen mit Großeltern Abkömmlinge von Großeltern zusammen, so erhält der Ehegatte auch von der anderen Hälfte den Anteil, der nach § 1926 den Abkömmlingen zufallen würde.

BGB § 1931 (1) — German Civil Code
Statutory Text

Sind weder Verwandte der ersten oder der zweiten Ordnung noch Großeltern vorhanden, so erhält der überlebende Ehegatte die ganze Erbschaft.

BGB § 1931 (2) — German Civil Code
Statutory Text

Bestand beim Erbfall Gütertrennung und sind als gesetzliche Erben neben dem überlebenden Ehegatten ein oder zwei Kinder des Erblassers berufen, so erben der überlebende Ehegatte und jedes Kind zu gleichen Teilen; § 1924 Abs. 3 gilt auch in diesem Falle.

BGB § 1931 (4) — German Civil Code

What to Do

1

Confirm the family structure at the time of death (e.g., do children, parents, or siblings survive?)

2

Determine the marital property regime (e.g., community of accrued gains, separation of property)

3

Calculate the spouse’s statutory share using BGB § 1931 — adjusting for equal division if separation of property applies with 1–2 children

4

File for a certificate of inheritance (Erbschein) if needed to prove heir status to banks or land registry

Sources

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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.