Germany

Can the court assign me the marital home during separation?

6 months
Deadline to declare return intent
100%
Home assigned in abuse cases
1361b
Relevant Civil Code section
1567(1)
Separation definition reference
The Short Answer

Yes — under German law, a court can assign the marital home (or part of it) to one spouse during separation if keeping the other spouse there would cause undue hardship, especially for children or victims of abuse.

What the Law Says

German family law allows courts to assign exclusive use of the marital home during separation — not ownership, but the right to live there alone. This is governed by BGB § 1361b, which balances fairness, child welfare, and protection from harm.

The court may grant one spouse exclusive use of the marital home (or part of it) if continued shared use would cause 'unbillige Härte' — an undue or unfair hardship — considering both spouses’ interests. This includes protecting the well-being of children living in the home.

Special weight is given to property rights: if one spouse owns the home outright, holds an Erbbaurecht (hereditary building right), Nießbrauch (usufruct), Wohnungseigentum (condominium ownership), Dauerwohnrecht (permanent residential right), or a dingliches Wohnrecht (real-property residential right), that fact must be carefully weighed.

If one spouse has committed intentional, unlawful physical, health, freedom, or sexual self-determination harm — or threatened such harm or death — the court will generally assign the *entire* home to the injured spouse. The only exception is if no further harm is expected *and* cohabitation remains reasonable — which is rare after serious abuse.

Once assigned, the non-resident spouse must refrain from any action interfering with the resident spouse’s use. They may claim fair compensation for the use — but only if equity demands it.

If a spouse moves out after separation (as defined in § 1567 Abs. 1) and fails to express a serious intention to return within six months, the law presumes — irrebuttably — that they have waived their right to use the home.

Statutory Text

Leben die Ehegatten voneinander getrennt oder will einer von ihnen getrennt leben, so kann ein Ehegatte verlangen, dass ihm der andere die Ehewohnung oder einen Teil zur alleinigen Benutzung überlässt, soweit dies auch unter Berücksichtigung der Belange des anderen Ehegatten notwendig ist, um eine unbillige Härte zu vermeiden.

BGB § 1361b (1) — Assignment of marital home during separation
Statutory Text

Hat der Ehegatte, gegen den sich der Antrag richtet, den anderen Ehegatten widerrechtlich und vorsätzlich am Körper, an der Gesundheit, der Freiheit oder der sexuellen Selbstbestimmung verletzt oder mit einer solchen Verletzung oder der Verletzung des Lebens widerrechtlich gedroht, ist in der Regel die gesamte Wohnung zur alleinigen Benutzung zu überlassen.

BGB § 1361b (2) — Abuse-triggered full assignment
Statutory Text

Ist nach der Trennung der Ehegatten im Sinne des § 1567 Abs. 1 ein Ehegatte aus der Ehewohnung ausgezogen und hat er binnen sechs Monaten nach seinem Auszug eine ernstliche Rückkehrabsicht dem anderen Ehegatten gegenüber nicht bekundet, so wird unwiderleglich vermutet, dass er dem in der Ehewohnung verbliebenen Ehegatten das alleinige Nutzungsrecht überlassen hat.

BGB § 1361b (4) — Six-month presumption rule

What to Do

1

File a formal application (Antrag) with the family court (Familiengericht) requesting exclusive use of the marital home.

2

Gather evidence: property deeds, proof of separation date, witness statements, medical or police reports (if abuse occurred).

3

If you moved out, act within 6 months to formally declare your intent to return — otherwise, the law presumes you’ve waived your rights.

4

Consult a family law attorney (Fachanwalt für Familienrecht) to assess strength of claim and represent you in court.

Sources

Related Questions

Same Question, Other Jurisdictions

Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.