GermanyWhen Can a Landlord Terminate Without Notice?
A landlord in Germany can terminate a residential lease without notice only for a 'serious reason' (wichtiger Grund), such as two months’ unpaid rent, serious health hazards in the apartment, or severe disturbance of peace — and only after giving the tenant a chance to fix the problem, unless immediate action is unavoidable.
What the Law Says
German law strictly limits when a landlord may end a tenancy immediately — without waiting for the standard notice period. This is called 'extraordinary termination without notice' (außerordentliche fristlose Kündigung) and requires a 'serious reason' (wichtiger Grund). It’s not enough for the tenant to be slightly late with rent or mildly disruptive — the situation must make continuing the lease until the normal end date unreasonable for the landlord, after weighing both parties’ interests.
The main rule is in BGB § 543(1): either party may terminate without notice if a serious reason exists — meaning, considering all circumstances (including fault and fairness), it would be unreasonable to expect the landlord to wait out the regular notice period.
BGB § 543(2) lists specific situations that automatically qualify as serious reasons. For landlords, these include: (1) failing to give the tenant full use of the property; (2) the tenant seriously endangering the property (e.g., through neglect or illegal subletting); or (3) rent arrears — either (a) missing two consecutive payments, or (b) falling behind by an amount equal to two months’ rent over more than two payment periods.
BGB § 569 adds special rules for *residential* leases. A serious reason also exists if the apartment poses a serious health risk (even if the tenant knew about it), or if the tenant severely disrupts peace in the building. Importantly, § 569(2a) extends the rent-arrears rule to security deposits: falling short by an amount equal to *two months’ rent* also qualifies.
Crucially, BGB § 543(3) says that if the serious reason stems from a breach of contract (like late rent or damage), the landlord must first give the tenant a reasonable deadline to fix it — unless doing so would be pointless (e.g., the tenant has already abandoned the flat). And under BGB § 569(3), if the tenant pays the overdue rent *within two months after the landlord files for eviction*, the termination becomes invalid — even if it was properly issued.
Statutory TextJede Vertragspartei kann das Mietverhältnis aus wichtigem Grund außerordentlich fristlos kündigen. Ein wichtiger Grund liegt vor, wenn dem Kündigenden unter Berücksichtigung aller Umstände des Einzelfalls, insbesondere eines Verschuldens der Vertragsparteien, und unter Abwägung der beiderseitigen Interessen die Fortsetzung des Mietverhältnisses bis zum Ablauf der Kündigungsfrist oder bis zur sonstigen Beendigung des Mietverhältnisses nicht zugemutet werden kann.
— BGB § 543(1) — German Civil Code
Statutory TextEin wichtiger Grund liegt insbesondere vor, wenn ... der Mieter a) für zwei aufeinander folgende Termine mit der Entrichtung der Miete oder eines nicht unerheblichen Teils der Miete in Verzug ist oder b) in einem Zeitraum, der sich über mehr als zwei Termine erstreckt, mit der Entrichtung der Miete in Höhe eines Betrages in Verzug ist, der die Miete für zwei Monate erreicht.
— BGB § 543(2) — German Civil Code
Statutory TextEin wichtiger Grund im Sinne des § 543 Absatz 1 liegt ferner vor, wenn der Mieter mit einer Sicherheitsleistung nach § 551 in Höhe eines Betrages im Verzug ist, der der zweifachen Monatsmiete entspricht.
— BGB § 569(2a) — German Civil Code
Statutory TextDie Kündigung wird auch dann unwirksam, wenn der Vermieter spätestens bis zum Ablauf von zwei Monaten nach Eintritt der Rechtshängigkeit des Räumungsanspruchs hinsichtlich der fälligen Miete und der fälligen Entschädigung nach § 546a Abs. 1 befriedigt wird oder sich eine öffentliche Stelle zur Befriedigung verpflichtet.
— BGB § 569(3) No. 2 — German Civil Code
What Courts Have Said
German courts have clarified how the 'cure period' works when tenants pay overdue rent — confirming that timely payment can cancel even a properly issued termination.
If the tenant clears rent arrears within the two-month grace period under BGB § 569(3) No. 2, not only does the extraordinary termination become invalid — any related ordinary termination for the same arrears also fails.
Confirms that paying overdue rent during the statutory two-month grace period fully eliminates the legal basis for an extraordinary termination — reinforcing that this 'curative effect' applies regardless of whether the landlord had already issued both extraordinary and ordinary notices.
What to Do
Check whether the tenant’s breach truly meets the strict legal definition of a 'serious reason' — e.g., arrears equal to at least two months’ rent, or documented health hazards.
If the breach is fixable (like unpaid rent or minor damage), issue a written warning with a clear, reasonable deadline to remedy it — before issuing termination.
If terminating for arrears, calculate precisely: confirm whether the shortfall equals or exceeds two months’ rent, or spans two consecutive due dates — and remember the tenant has up to two months after eviction proceedings begin to pay and void the termination.
Always serve the termination in writing, citing the exact legal provision (e.g., BGB § 543(2) No. 3a), and keep proof of delivery.
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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.