Germany

What remedies are available for ongoing nuisance from a neighbor?

§ 906 BGB
Tolerance rule
§ 1004 BGB
Injunction right
≤15% impact
Typical 'minor' threshold
Economic test
Prevention standard
The Short Answer

You may demand cessation or prevention of the nuisance under BGB § 1004 — unless the interference is legally tolerable under BGB § 906, in which case you may only claim monetary compensation.

What the Law Says

German law balances property rights with practical neighborly coexistence. Two key provisions govern ongoing nuisances: BGB § 906 sets limits on what you must tolerate, while BGB § 1004 gives you enforceable rights to stop intolerable interference.

BGB § 906 defines when you must legally tolerate certain nuisances — like noise, smoke, vibrations, or odors — from neighboring land. You cannot object if the interference is minor (‘unwesentlich’) or results from ‘usual local use’ (ortsübliche Benutzung) and cannot be prevented by economically reasonable measures.

A nuisance is generally considered minor if it stays within statutory or regulatory limit values — such as those set by the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) or technical administrative guidelines reflecting the state of the art.

If you *must* tolerate the interference under § 906, you may still claim fair monetary compensation (angemessener Ausgleich) — but only if the impact exceeds what is reasonably bearable for your property’s use or yield.

In contrast, BGB § 1004 gives you a direct claim to demand removal of an existing interference (Beseitigungsanspruch) or to prevent future harm (Unterlassungsanspruch). However, this right is excluded if you are legally required to tolerate the interference under § 906.

Statutory Text

Der Eigentümer eines Grundstücks kann die Zuführung von Gasen, Dämpfen, Gerüchen, Rauch, Ruß, Wärme, Geräusch, Erschütterungen und ähnliche von einem anderen Grundstück ausgehende Einwirkungen insoweit nicht verbieten, als die Einwirkung die Benutzung seines Grundstücks nicht oder nur unwesentlich beeinträchtigt.

BGB § 906 — German Civil Code
Statutory Text

Wird das Eigentum in anderer Weise als durch Entziehung oder Vorenthaltung des Besitzes beeinträchtigt, so kann der Eigentümer von dem Störer die Beseitigung der Beeinträchtigung verlangen. Sind weitere Beeinträchtigungen zu besorgen, so kann der Eigentümer auf Unterlassung klagen.

BGB § 1004 — German Civil Code
Statutory Text

Der Anspruch ist ausgeschlossen, wenn der Eigentümer zur Duldung verpflichtet ist.

BGB § 1004(2) — German Civil Code

What to Do

1

Document the nuisance (e.g., noise logs, photos, expert reports on immission levels)

2

Check whether limits under the Federal Immission Control Act or local ordinances are exceeded

3

Send a written request to your neighbor asking for cessation or mitigation

4

If unresolved, consult a lawyer to file a claim under BGB § 1004 — or for compensation under BGB § 906(2) if tolerance applies

Sources

Related Questions

Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.