GermanyAm I liable for damage caused by my pet?
Yes, as a pet owner in Germany, you are strictly liable for injuries or property damage your pet causes — unless it’s a working animal and you proved proper supervision.
What the Law Says
German civil law imposes automatic responsibility on pet owners for harm caused by their animals — with limited exceptions depending on the animal’s purpose.
Under § 833 of the German Civil Code (BGB), anyone who keeps an animal is legally required to compensate victims for death, bodily injury, health damage, or property damage caused by that animal.
This is strict liability: you don’t need to have been negligent or at fault. The mere fact that you kept the animal and it caused harm triggers liability.
However, there’s a key exception for animals used for work, livelihood, or professional purposes (e.g., herding dogs, guide dogs, farm animals). In those cases, you can avoid liability if you prove you exercised the level of care expected in ordinary dealings — or if the damage would have occurred even with proper care.
Statutory TextWird durch ein Tier ein Mensch getötet oder der Körper oder die Gesundheit eines Menschen verletzt oder eine Sache beschädigt, so ist derjenige, welcher das Tier hält, verpflichtet, dem Verletzten den daraus entstehenden Schaden zu ersetzen. Die Ersatzpflicht tritt nicht ein, wenn der Schaden durch ein Haustier verursacht wird, das dem Beruf, der Erwerbstätigkeit oder dem Unterhalt des Tierhalters zu dienen bestimmt ist, und entweder der Tierhalter bei der Beaufsichtigung des Tieres die im Verkehr erforderliche Sorgfalt beobachtet oder der Schaden auch bei Anwendung dieser Sorgfalt entstanden sein würde.
— BGB § 833 — German Civil Code
What Courts Have Said
German courts distinguish between working animals and 'luxury' pets — applying different standards for liability.
The Federal Court of Justice confirmed that keepers of domestic working animals (Nutztier) may escape liability by proving proper supervision, while owners of luxury pets (Luxustier) face strict liability regardless of how carefully they supervised the animal.
What to Do
Identify whether your pet qualifies as a working/livelihood animal or a luxury pet.
If it’s a working animal, document all supervision efforts (e.g., leashing, training, secure enclosures).
Report the incident promptly to your private liability insurance (Privathaftpflichtversicherung).
Do not admit fault — liability under § 833 is automatic, but defenses may apply.
Sources
Related Questions
Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.