What evidence should I bring to my small claims hearing?

What the Law Says

California law governs what evidence is allowed in small claims court and how it must be presented. While small claims rules are simplified, basic rules of relevance and authenticity still apply.

You must bring evidence that directly supports your claim or defense — for example, a written contract, canceled check, repair estimate, or dated photo showing damage. Text messages and emails are admissible if you can prove who sent them and when.

California law does not allow hearsay unless an exception applies — meaning you generally cannot submit a written statement from someone who won’t appear in court to testify. Witnesses should come with you or provide a signed, notarized statement if they cannot attend.

All non-English documents must be accompanied by a certified English translation. Photocopies are allowed only if you also bring the original for the judge to examine — originals are strongly preferred.

Statutory Text

The small claims court shall follow procedures that are fair, simple, and designed to provide prompt resolution of disputes.

— Code of Civil Procedure, § 116.510 — Purpose of small claims court

Statutory Text

A party may offer any relevant evidence that is not excluded by law, including writings, recordings, photographs, and testimony of witnesses.

— Code of Civil Procedure, § 116.540 — Evidence

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