What is the process for adoption?

How the answer differs across 5 jurisdictions

The Short Answer

Adoption in Germany is only permitted if it serves the child’s best interests and a genuine parent-child relationship is expected to develop. Only married couples may adopt jointly; unmarried individuals must adopt alone.

Best interests
Core legal standard
1 person
Unmarried adopters
Joint only
Married couple rule
21 years
Minimum age exception
The Short Answer

To adopt a child in Ireland, you must be at least 21 years old, ordinarily resident in Ireland for 12 months before applying, and assessed as suitable by the Adoption Authority of Ireland.

21 years
Minimum age
12 months
Residency requirement
1 adopter
Single applicant allowed
1 child
Per adoption order
SingaporeFull article
The Short Answer

To adopt a child in Singapore, you must apply to the Family Court under the Women's Charter, meet eligibility requirements (e.g., be at least 25 years old and at least 21 years older than the child), and complete mandatory pre-adoption counselling and home study assessments.

25 years old
Minimum age
21 years older
Age gap required
1 year residenc
For non-citizens
Family Court
Only court allowed
The Short Answer

Yes, a Hindu can adopt a child under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 — but only if they meet strict eligibility criteria and follow the formal legal process.

1956
Enactment year
21 years
Minimum age
15 years
Max age gap
1 child
Single male limit
The Short Answer

In Japan, adoption requires the adoptive parent to be at least 25 years old, the child to be under 18 (or under 20 if a special adoption), and consent from the child (if 15+), birth parents (unless waived), and family court approval.

25 years
Minimum age
Under 18
Child age limit
15+
Consent age
Family Court
Required approval

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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.