GermanyWhat Grounds Are Needed to Terminate a Lease?
A German landlord can only terminate a residential lease with ordinary notice if they have a legitimate interest—such as serious tenant breach, personal use (Eigenbedarf), or substantial economic harm—and must give written notice stating the specific ground.
What the Law Says
German tenancy law strictly limits when a landlord may end a residential lease with ordinary notice. Unlike some countries, 'no cause' terminations are not allowed — the landlord must always show a legally recognized legitimate interest.
Under BGB § 573, a landlord may only issue an ordinary termination (i.e., with standard notice period) if they have a 'berechtigtes Interesse' — a legitimate interest — in ending the tenancy. This is a strict legal threshold, not just a matter of preference or convenience.
The law lists three main situations where such an interest exists: (1) the tenant has seriously and culpably breached their obligations (e.g., repeated late rent payments, unauthorized subletting, or severe property damage); (2) the landlord needs the apartment for themselves, close family members, or household members (called 'Eigenbedarf'); or (3) continuing the lease would prevent the landlord from making reasonable economic use of the property and cause them significant disadvantage.
Importantly, BGB § 573(1) explicitly bans termination solely to raise the rent. Also, any clause in the lease trying to waive or weaken these protections is void under § 573(4). The landlord must also give notice in writing (§ 568(1)) and clearly state the specific ground(s) relied upon in the termination letter (§ 573(3)).
Statutory TextDie Kündigung des Mietverhältnisses bedarf der schriftlichen Form.
— BGB § 568(1) — German Civil Code
Statutory TextDer Vermieter kann nur kündigen, wenn er ein berechtigtes Interesse an der Beendigung des Mietverhältnisses hat. Die Kündigung zum Zwecke der Mieterhöhung ist ausgeschlossen.
— BGB § 573(1) — German Civil Code
Statutory TextEin berechtigtes Interesse des Vermieters an der Beendigung des Mietverhältnisses liegt insbesondere vor, wenn 1. der Mieter seine vertraglichen Pflichten schuldhaft nicht unerheblich verletzt hat, 2. der Vermieter die Räume als Wohnung für sich, seine Familienangehörigen oder Angehörige seines Haushalts benötigt (Eigenbedarf) oder 3. der Vermieter durch die Fortsetzung des Mietverhältnisses an einer angemessenen wirtschaftlichen Verwertung des Grundstücks gehindert und dadurch erhebliche Nachteile erleiden würde.
— BGB § 573(2) — German Civil Code
Statutory TextDie Gründe für ein berechtigtes Interesse des Vermieters sind in dem Kündigungsschreiben anzugeben. Andere Gründe werden nur berücksichtigt, soweit sie nachträglich entstanden sind.
— BGB § 573(3) — German Civil Code
What Courts Have Said
German courts closely examine whether a landlord’s stated reason truly meets the legal standard of 'legitimate interest'. A reason that appears plausible on its face may still fail if it contradicts statutory protections or lacks factual support.
The court ruled that a landlord does not have a legitimate interest in terminating a lease simply because the tenant sublets for profit without permission — unless the subletting itself breaches the lease or causes concrete harm. Profit-driven subletting alone does not justify termination; the landlord must prove actual disadvantage or contractual violation.
What to Do
Review the termination letter carefully: it must be in writing and specify the exact legal ground under BGB § 573(2). If it doesn’t, it’s invalid.
Gather evidence showing why the stated ground does not apply — e.g., proof of timely rent payments, lack of damage, or absence of genuine Eigenbedarf (e.g., no family member actually moving in).
If the landlord claims Eigenbedarf, you may request documentation (e.g., declaration of intent, proof of relationship, move-in plans) — courts require credible, immediate need.
File a formal objection ('Widerspruch') within the deadline stated in the notice (usually two months before termination date), and consider seeking legal advice or filing a lawsuit to challenge the termination in court.
Sources
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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.
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