Germany

What is contributory negligence and how does it reduce my claim?

Case-by-case
Assessment method
Up to 100%
Maximum reduction
Seatbelt failure
Common example
Duty to mitigate
Legal obligation
The Short Answer

Contributory negligence (Mitverschulden) under BGB § 254 reduces your compensation if your own fault contributed to the injury — the reduction reflects your share of responsibility.

What the Law Says

German civil law recognizes that victims may bear some responsibility for their own injuries — a concept called Mitverschulden (contributory negligence). Under BGB § 254, this affects both liability and the amount of compensation awarded.

If your own negligent conduct contributed to causing or worsening the harm, the court will weigh your share of fault against the defendant’s. Compensation is then reduced proportionally — not automatically, but based on the circumstances, especially which party caused the greater part of the damage.

This applies even if your negligence was passive — for example, failing to warn the other party about an unusually high risk they couldn’t have known about, or failing to take reasonable steps to avoid or limit the damage after it occurred. Section 278 (on liability for agents/employees) also applies by analogy.

Statutory Text

Hat bei der Entstehung des Schadens ein Verschulden des Beschädigten mitgewirkt, so hängt die Verpflichtung zum Ersatz sowie der Umfang des zu leistenden Ersatzes von den Umständen, insbesondere davon ab, inwieweit der Schaden vorwiegend von dem einen oder dem anderen Teil verursacht worden ist.

BGB § 254 (1) — German Civil Code
Statutory Text

Dies gilt auch dann, wenn sich das Verschulden des Beschädigten darauf beschränkt, dass er unterlassen hat, den Schuldner auf die Gefahr eines ungewöhnlich hohen Schadens aufmerksam zu machen, die der Schuldner weder kannte noch kennen musste, oder dass er unterlassen hat, den Schaden abzuwenden oder zu mindern. Die Vorschrift des § 278 findet entsprechende Anwendung.

BGB § 254 (2) — German Civil Code

What Courts Have Said

German courts regularly apply BGB § 254 to adjust damages when claimants’ actions worsened their injuries — especially in traffic and workplace cases.

BGH VI ZR 95/21
Bundesgerichtshof, 6. Zivilsenat · 2022

The court held that failing to wear a seatbelt constitutes contributory negligence; damages were reduced by 20% because the injury severity would likely have been lower had the claimant been belted.

What to Do

1

Document all facts clearly — including your own actions before and after the incident.

2

Act promptly to minimize harm (e.g., seek medical care, follow safety instructions).

3

Consult a lawyer before accepting any settlement — contributory negligence must be fairly assessed, not assumed.

Sources

Related Questions

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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.