GermanyCan family members claim damages for a wrongful death?
Yes, certain family members in Germany can claim damages for wrongful death under BGB § 844 — including funeral costs, loss of financial support, and compensation for severe emotional distress.
What the Law Says
German civil law allows specific family members and dependents to seek compensation when someone dies due to another party’s wrongful act. These rights are strictly defined in BGB § 844 — not based on general tort principles, but as a special statutory entitlement.
BGB § 844 grants three distinct types of claims to third parties (i.e., people other than the deceased) after a wrongful death: (1) reimbursement of funeral expenses; (2) ongoing financial support (a lifelong rent) for legal dependents; and (3) a one-time monetary award for severe emotional suffering caused by the death.
The law protects not only those already dependent at the time of injury, but also unborn children — if conceived before the fatal injury, they qualify for support claims. The support calculation assumes the deceased would have provided maintenance for the remainder of their statistically expected lifespan, applying rules from BGB § 843(2)–(4) on duration, indexation, and reduction for contributory factors.
For emotional distress, the law presumes a 'special personal relationship' — automatically satisfied for spouses, registered life partners, parents, and children. Others (e.g., siblings or grandparents) must prove closeness individually. Awards are discretionary and meant to be 'appropriate' — not punitive — and vary case-by-case.
Statutory Text(1) Im Falle der Tötung hat der Ersatzpflichtige die Kosten der Beerdigung demjenigen zu ersetzen, welchem die Verpflichtung obliegt, diese Kosten zu tragen.
— BGB § 844(1) — German Civil Code
Statutory Text(2) Stand der Getötete zur Zeit der Verletzung zu einem Dritten in einem Verhältnis, vermöge dessen er diesem gegenüber kraft Gesetzes unterhaltspflichtig war oder unterhaltspflichtig werden konnte, und ist dem Dritten infolge der Tötung das Recht auf den Unterhalt entzogen, so hat der Ersatzpflichtige dem Dritten durch Entrichtung einer Geldrente insoweit Schadensersatz zu leisten, als der Getötete während der mutmaßlichen Dauer seines Lebens zur Gewährung des Unterhalts verpflichtet gewesen sein würde; die Vorschrift des § 843 Abs. 2 bis 4 findet entsprechende Anwendung. Die Ersatzpflicht tritt auch dann ein, wenn der Dritte zur Zeit der Verletzung gezeugt, aber noch nicht geboren war.
— BGB § 844(2) — German Civil Code
Statutory Text(3) Der Ersatzpflichtige hat dem Hinterbliebenen, der zur Zeit der Verletzung zu dem Getöteten in einem besonderen persönlichen Näheverhältnis stand, für das dem Hinterbliebenen zugefügte seelische Leid eine angemessene Entschädigung in Geld zu leisten. Ein besonderes persönliches Näheverhältnis wird vermutet, wenn der Hinterbliebene der Ehegatte, der Lebenspartner, ein Elternteil oder ein Kind des Getöteten war.
— BGB § 844(3) — German Civil Code
What Courts Have Said
German courts interpret BGB § 844 narrowly but purposively — focusing on dependency, foreseeability of support, and the intensity of personal bonds. Recent rulings clarify how non-traditional dependents and household contributions are valued.
The Federal Court confirmed that surviving dependents may claim compensation not only for lost income but also for the deceased’s non-monetary household services (e.g., childcare, home maintenance), quantified using standard replacement-cost benchmarks.
What to Do
Confirm your relationship qualifies under BGB § 844(3) — spouse, life partner, parent, child, or prove special personal closeness.
Gather evidence of dependency: maintenance agreements, cohabitation records, birth certificates (for unborn children), or expert testimony on household contributions.
File a claim within the statutory limitation period: generally 3 years from knowledge of damage and liable party (BGB § 195), though exceptions apply.
Consult a German attorney specializing in delict law — especially for complex support calculations or emotional distress valuation.
Sources
Related Questions
Same Question, Other Jurisdictions
Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.
Canada
Ireland
Singapore
India
US-California
US-New York
Japan