IndiaWhat is the time limit for filing a consumer complaint?
A consumer complaint must be filed within two years from the date on which the cause of action arises.
What the Law Says
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 sets the statutory time limit for filing a consumer complaint before the District Commission, State Commission, or National Commission.
Under Section 35 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, every complaint must be filed within two years from the date on which the cause of action arises — that is, when the consumer first becomes aware (or ought to have become aware) of the defect, deficiency, or unfair trade practice.
The law allows the Commission to entertain a complaint even after the two-year period if the complainant satisfies the Commission that there was sufficient cause for the delay. However, no complaint can be entertained after a period of five years from the date of cause of action — and even then, only if the Commission records reasons in writing for admitting it.
Importantly, the burden lies on the complainant to prove sufficient cause for delay. Mere oversight or lack of legal knowledge is generally not accepted as sufficient cause.
Statutory TextEvery complaint shall be instituted within two years from the date on which the cause of action has arisen.
— Consumer Protection Act, 2019, s. 35 — Filing of complaint
Statutory TextProvided that the Commission may entertain a complaint after the period of two years from the date aforesaid if the complainant satisfies the Commission that he had sufficient cause for not making the complaint within such period.
— Consumer Protection Act, 2019, s. 35 — Filing of complaint
What Courts Have Said
Indian courts and consumer commissions have consistently interpreted Section 35 to mean that delay beyond two years requires strong, objective justification — not mere assertions.
NCDRC held that 'sufficient cause' must be based on facts preventing timely filing — e.g., hospitalisation, natural calamity — and not ignorance of law or procedural delay.
Though decided under the 1986 Act, this precedent remains relevant: delay beyond limitation cannot be condoned unless exceptional circumstances are proved; the two-year limit is mandatory, not directory.
What to Do
Note the exact date when you first discovered the defect, deficiency, or unfair practice — this is your 'cause of action' date.
File your complaint with the appropriate Commission (District/State/National) within two years of that date.
If delayed, prepare documented evidence (e.g., medical certificates, court orders, official communications) proving 'sufficient cause' for the delay.
Submit a written application seeking condonation of delay along with your complaint — clearly stating reasons and supporting evidence.
Do not wait until the last day — allow time for drafting, verification, and submission, especially if filing online via E-Daakhil portal.
Sources
Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: 2026-06-08.