GermanyWhat protection is available for domestic violence victims?
Domestic violence victims in Germany can obtain immediate court-ordered protection, including eviction of the abuser from the shared home and bans on contact or proximity.
What the Law Says
Germany’s Protection Against Violence Act (Gewaltschutzgesetz – GewSchG) provides fast, effective legal tools for victims of domestic violence — even without filing criminal charges or initiating divorce.
Under GewSchG § 1, a victim can apply directly to the local family court (Familiengericht) for an emergency protection order (Gewaltschutzanordnung). The court must decide promptly — often within hours or one business day — and does not require proof beyond reasonable doubt; credible evidence of abuse or threat suffices.
The law covers physical, sexual, psychological, and coercive acts — including threats, unlawful entry into the home, stalking, and harassment via phone or messaging. It applies regardless of marital status, cohabitation, or relationship history.
Orders may include: (1) eviction of the perpetrator from the shared residence; (2) a ban on entering or approaching the victim’s home (e.g., within 100 meters); (3) prohibitions on visiting places where the victim regularly goes (e.g., workplace, school); (4) no-contact rules — including calls, texts, emails, or social media; and (5) bans on arranging meetings — unless necessary for legitimate reasons like child handovers under supervision.
Statutory TextHat eine Person vorsätzlich den Körper, die Gesundheit, die Freiheit oder die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung einer anderen Person widerrechtlich verletzt, hat das Gericht auf Antrag der verletzten Person die zur Abwendung weiterer Verletzungen erforderlichen Maßnahmen zu treffen. Die Anordnungen sollen befristet werden; die Frist kann verlängert werden.
— GewSchG § 1 (1) — Protection Against Violence Act
Statutory TextDas Gericht kann insbesondere anordnen, dass der Täter es unterlässt, die Wohnung der verletzten Person zu betreten, sich in einem bestimmten Umkreis der Wohnung der verletzten Person aufzuhalten, zu bestimmende andere Orte aufzusuchen, an denen sich die verletzte Person regelmäßig aufhält, Verbindung zur verletzten Person, auch unter Verwendung von Fernkommunikationsmitteln, aufzunehmen, Zusammentreffen mit der verletzten Person herbeizuführen, soweit dies nicht zur Wahrnehmung berechtigter Interessen erforderlich ist.
— GewSchG § 1 (1) — Protection Against Violence Act
What Courts Have Said
German courts consistently emphasize the urgency and autonomy of GewSchG protection orders — treating them as independent civil remedies designed for swift safety, not dependent on criminal outcomes.
The Federal Court of Justice confirmed that a Gewaltschutzanordnung can be issued even if criminal proceedings are pending or dismissed — its purpose is victim safety, not punishment. Violating the order is a standalone criminal offense under § 4 GewSchG.
What to Do
Go to your local Amtsgericht (district court) and file Form 'Antrag auf Erlass einer Gewaltschutzanordnung' — free of charge and no lawyer required.
Provide written statements, medical reports, photos, messages, or witness contacts — even informal evidence helps.
Request urgent hearing: courts must schedule it within 1–3 days; interim orders can take effect immediately.
If the order is violated, call police immediately — they must act and can arrest the perpetrator under § 4 GewSchG.
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Not legal advice. This article is general information based on publicly available sources, written for educational purposes. Laws change and individual situations vary. Consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before acting on anything you read here. Last reviewed: June 2026.
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